注意事项

　　一、将答题卡(纸)上的姓名及学生代号用中文和阿拉伯数字填好。

　　二、仔细阅读题目的说明。

　　三、在120分钟内答完全部试题。

　　四、答案一定写在答题卡上，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律作废。

　　五、用铅笔这样划答案：[A] [B] [C][D]，用其他符号答题者不记分。

　　六、如要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦去原来选定的答案，然后再按上面的规定重新答题。

　　Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)

　　Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

　　Passage I

　　Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing ( 裁判 ) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.

　　The researcher organized an experimental tournament (竞标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.

　　Observers noted down the referees' errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Convened to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.

　　(76) The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it tight, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.

　　There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.

　　If FIFA, football's international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.

　　He also says that FIFA's insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. (77) If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.

　　1. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to _______

　　A. review the decisions of researcher at the 1998 World Cup

　　B. analyse the causes of errors made by football referees

　　C. set a standard for football refereeing

　　D. reexamine the hales for football refereeing

　　2. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was_________

　　A. slightly above average

　　B. higher than in the 1998 World Cup

　　C. quite unexpected

　　D. as high as in a standard match

　　3. The findings of the experiment show that_________

　　A. errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball

　　B. the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors

　　C. the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur

　　D. errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot

　　4. The word "officials" (Line 2, Para.4) most probably refers to ________

　　A. the researchers involved in the experiment

　　B. the inspectors of the football tournament

　　C. the referees of the football tournament

　　D. the observers at the site of the experiment

　　5. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?

　　A. The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.

　　B. Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.

　　C. A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.

　　D. An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.

　　Passage 2

　　At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don't act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. (78) You know that to commit the action is wrong, in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.

　　Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and Unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them, Now with the publication of important books such as On Death' and Dying and I.~ to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.

　　One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It's not taboo to talk about fat; it's taboo to be fat. The “in" look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-respect. After all, people think, how can people who care about themselves, and therefore the way they look, permit themselves to become fat? In an image-conscious society like file U. S, thin is "in", fat is "out".

　　6. From the passage, we can infer taboo is________

　　A. a strong desire to do something strange or terrible

　　B. a crime committed on impulse

　　C. a behavior considered unacceptable by the public

　　D. an unfavorable impression left on other people

　　7. Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude "being fat"________ in American society.

　　A. will always remain a taboo

　　B. may no longer be a taboo some day

　　C. has long been a taboo

　　D. is not considered a taboo by most people

　　8. The topic of fat is __________many other taboo subjects.

　　A. the same as

　　B. more popular than

　　C. different from

　　D. less often talked about than

　　9. In the U. S., thin is "in", fat is "out". This means_________

　　A. thin is "inside", fat is "outside"

　　B. thin is "diligent", fat is "lazy"

　　C. thin is "fashionable", fat is "unfashionable"

　　D. thin is "spiritless", fat is "vigorous"

　　10. In the last line ~he phrase “image-conscious society” can be replaced by _______

　　A. fast-developing society which is built on a clear image

　　B. very imaginative society with nice appearance

　　C. the society whose image has been mined because of money

　　D. the society in which image has been attached importance to

　　Passage 3

　　Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do-especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come cross his desk every day. "lt's amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves," he says.

　　Resumes arrive with stains. (79) Some candidates don’t bother to spell the company’s things at the cost of something larger they work toward. "To keep from losing the forest for the trees," says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University o f California, San Francisco, "we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we’re working on fit into the larger picture they don't, we should drop them and move to something else."

　　Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. "The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent 0fthe time," says Garfield. "But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary." Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.

　　Too often we believe what accounts for others' success is some special secret or a lucky break. But rarely is success so mysterious. (80) Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.

　　11. According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected_________

　　A. because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resume

　　B. because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resume

　　C. because they failed to give a detailed description of their background in their applications

　　D. because they eliminated their names from the applicants list themselves

　　12. The word "perfectionists" (Line 1, para. 3) refers to those who________

　　A. demand others to get everything absolutely right

　　B. know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstances

　　C. pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectives

　　D. are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do

　　13. Which of the following is the author's advice to the reader?

　　A. Although too much attention to details may he costly, they should not be overlooked.

　　B. Don't forget details when drawing pictures

　　C. Be aware of the importance of a task before undertaking it.

　　D. Careless applicants are not to be trusted.

　　14. The example of the Apollo II moon launch is given to illustrate that ________

　　A. minor mistakes can be ignored in achieving major objectives

　　B. failure is the mother of success

　　C. adjustments are the key to the successful completion of any work

　　D. keeping one's goal in mind helps in deciding which details can he overlooked

　　15. The best title for this passage would be________

　　A. Don't Be a Perfectionist

　　B. Importance of Adjustments

　　C. Details and Major Objectives

　　D. Hard Work Plus Good Luck





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