Participle phrases &nominatives absolute

　　例1.When he was playing basketball, tom saw a stranger who entered the classroom.

　　如上文所述，前一个分句的主语he和后一个主语tom指同一个人，并且前一个分句的主语he 之后是系动词was, 那么，前一个分句的主语和紧随其后的那个系动词was都可以一起省略掉，也就是说，此句可以省略成一个带有现在分词短语的单句，即：playing basketball, tom saw a stranger who entered the classroom.

　　例2.Located on the south-east coast of Australia in the temperate zone, it enjoys a mild climate, averaging 14.5 hours of sunshine per day in summer and 10.25 hours in winter.

　　实际上，此句的完整说法应该是：(it is )located on the south-east coast of Australia in the temperate zone, (and) it enjoyed a mild climate, (which averages) 14.5 hours of sunshine per day in summer and 10.25 hours in winter.因为(it is)located on the south-east coast of Australia in the temperate zone, (and) it enjoyed a mild climate, 之间的主语相同，都是it，并且前一个分句的主语it 之后是系动词is,那么，前一个分句的主语和紧随其后的那个系动词is 都可以省略掉， 也就是说，此句可以省略成一个带有过去分词短语的单句，表示两者是被动关系，即：Located on the south-east coast of Australia in the temperate zone, it enjoyed a mild climate.

　　练习题：

　　1. First established by the British as a convict settlement in 1788, it is a modern cosmopolitan city that has developed into one of the nation’s major industrial, business, and manufacturing centers.

　　分析

　　实际上，此句的完整说法应该是：(it was)first established by the British as a convict settlement in 1788, it is a modern cosmopolitan city that has developed into one of the nation’s major industrial, business, and manufacturing centers.

　　因为(it was)first established by the British as a convict settlement in 1788, 和(and)it is a modern cosmopolitan city that has developed into one of the nation’s major industrial, business, and manufacturing centers. 之间的主语是相同的，都是it, 并且前一个分句的主语it 之后是系动词was， 那么，前一个分句的主语it 和紧随其后的那个系动词was 都可以省略掉，也就是说，此句可以省略成一个带有过去分词短语的单句，表示两者是被动关系。

　　译文

　　最早在1788年，英国人将它建成为罪犯流放地;它现在已然成了一个国际化大都会，是全国主要的I业，商业和制作业中心之一。






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